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Cystoscopy

During cystoscopy, a thin, hollow viewing tube called a cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to examine tumours and other abnormalities affecting the bladder and urethra. 

The cystoscope may be rigid or flexible, and special instruments can be passed through it to remove stones, destroy tumours, or collect tissue samples. The procedure may be performed under local or general anaesthesia.

During the procedure

An illuminated and magnified view of the bladder lining is transmitted from the cystoscope to a monitor for detailed examination.

Bladder lining

This magnified view through a cystoscope shows an abnormal growth in the bladder lining. Tissue samples taken from such growths are examined under a microscope to check for cancerous cells.